Agricultural automation: Mobile phone based analysis of images of plant leaves to give decision support in agriculture
Principal Investigator
Prof A. G. Ramakrishnan (Professor, Department of Computer Science and Automation)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
The ultimate goal of agricultural automation is to manage the farm on a site‐by site basis. Traditional soil and plant sampling and analysis methods are very expensive, tedious, and time consuming for obtaining soil and crop parameters on a fine grid and at a short time scale. Sensors capable of gathering information from time to time are needed. They are particularly useful to measure parameters that vary faster in time, such as nitrogen and other nutrient content.
It is a technical solution which will actually be used in agriculture production systems to diagnose the problem, if any and suggest action based on the problem. Such monitoring is important in any production system to ensure quality and quantity in the product. Thus, with the help of suitable colour image processing of the leaf images, we can ensure quality and quantity output in any agriculture production system.
[sta_anchor id=”Cardiac”]Cardiac arrhythmias: In silico studies in realistic mathematical models for cardiac tissue
Principal Investigator
Prof Rahul Pandit (Chairman, Division of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and Professor, Department of Physics)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
Cardiac arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), are responsible for approximately 17% of all deaths. Experimental studies suggest that rotating spiral or scroll waves of electrical activation in cardiac tissue are associated with VT, whereas, when these waves break to yield spiral- or scroll-wave turbulence, VT develops into life-threatening VF. In the absence of medical intervention, this makes the heart incapable of pumping blood and a patient dies roughly two-and-a-half minutes after the initiation of VF. Thus, studies of spiral- and scroll-wave dynamics in cardiac tissue pose important challenges for in vivo and in vitro experimental studies and for in silico numerical studies of mathematical models for cardiac tissue. Furthermore, the study of these waves and their eventual elimination from cardiac tissue is a problem of central importance in biomedical engineering and biophysical science.
We have been studying such spiral and scroll waves and their control in state-of-the-art mathematical models for human cardiac tissue; these models include (a) cardiac myocytes, (b) fibroblasts, one of the major non-myocyte cells in heart tissue, (c) cells that display earlyafterdepolarizations (EADs), because they are not normal, and (d) Purkinje fibers, a special conduction system that carries electrical impulses from the bundle of His to the interior of ventricular tissue. Our goal in this project has been the development of low-amplitude defibrillation schemes for the elimination of VT and VF.
Project Publications
[sta_anchor id=”Computer”]Computer processing of wrist pulse signals acquired using fiber-optic techniques for healthcare appliances
Principal Investigator
Prof Talabattula Srinivas (Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Communication Engineering)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
Surveys have revealed that cardio vascular diseases are leading the cause of death in the world. From this point of view, a sensor to record the pulse and a method to subsequently process it using computers have great potential in the medical field. The need here was to focus our research on the development of new methods and devices for monitoring and studying cardiovascular diseases. One of the traditional indicators of the condition of the human cardiovascular system is cardio vascular pulsation. Different cardiovascular diseases can be diagnosed depending on the shape, amplitude and rhythm of this pulsation.
The main objective of the project was to develop recording and processing techniques for wrist pulse signals using conventional and fiber optic sensors. Initially the focus was on processing of signals acquired using conventional sensors. Miniature optic sensors were studied subsequently.
[sta_anchor id=”Control”]Control and prevention of hospital acquired infections
Principal Investigator
Dr T. V. Prabhakar (Principal Research Scientist, Zero Energy Networks Laboratory)
Duration
12 May 2014 to 11 October 2015
Infection control measures through sanitation protocols such as hand washing are key to controlling hospital-acquired infections, which is an enormous health hazard to patients as well as the hospital community at large. A simple, low-cost, scalable monitoring solution based on a ‘crowd-sourced’ architecture has been developed to ensure adequate thoroughness of disinfection. A combination of low-cost beacon tags and mobile phones deployed at multiple locations in themedical facility (in the proximity of ICU beds for instance) to compute location information for tracking the movements of hospital personnel, will be used in conjunction with integrated infection control models and state-following algorithms.
Project Publications
Patent Application
Warrior, Jay; Prabhakar, T. V.
Variable range beacon
Indian Patent Application No. 5029/CHE/2014
[sta_anchor id=”Cyber”]Cyber surgery and remote patient care
Principal Investigator
Prof Ashitava Ghosal (Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
Endoscopy is extensively used in examination and diagnosis of diseases in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Current endoscopy practice is primarily related to imaging, diagnosis and to a small extent in retrieving tissue for biopsy. There is an acute need of training for endoscopy on virtual (simulator) systems before an endoscopist can be allowed to examine patients. Although a few such systems exist, they are typically very expensive, and all do not give realistic virtual environment, i.e. do not provide haptics/force feedback and the surgical tools for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) cannot be positioned very accurately. The development of actuated end-effectors for use in endoscopes and MIS, imaging, visualization, and mechanical characterization of the GI tract and assisted identification and close examination of abnormal parts have been goals of this project. This project addressed these issues in terms of basic research and developing cost-effective laboratory prototypes.
Project Publications
26 entries « ‹ 3 of 3
› » | 21. | Thomas, Dilip Mathew; Natarajan, Vijay Multiscale symmetry detection in scalar fields by clustering contours Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics , 20 (12), pp. 2427-2436, 2014. Abstract | BibTeX | Links:   @article{Thomas2014,
title = {Multiscale symmetry detection in scalar fields by clustering contours},
author = {Dilip Mathew Thomas and Vijay Natarajan},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/06875976.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2014.2346332},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-06},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics },
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {2427-2436},
abstract = {The complexity in visualizing volumetric data often limits the scope of direct exploration of scalar fields. Isocontour extraction is a popular method for exploring scalar fields because of its simplicity in presenting features in the data. In this paper, we present a novel representation of contours with the aim of studying the similarity relationship between the contours. The representation maps contours to points in a high-dimensional transformation-invariant descriptor space. We leverage the power of this representation to design a clustering based algorithm for detecting symmetric regions in a scalar field. Symmetry detection is a challenging problem because it demands both segmentation of the data and identification of transformation invariant segments. While the former task can be addressed using topological analysis of scalar fields, the latter requires geometry based solutions. Our approach combines the two by utilizing the contour tree for segmenting the data and the descriptor space for determining transformation invariance. We discuss two applications, query driven exploration and asymmetry visualization, that demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The complexity in visualizing volumetric data often limits the scope of direct exploration of scalar fields. Isocontour extraction is a popular method for exploring scalar fields because of its simplicity in presenting features in the data. In this paper, we present a novel representation of contours with the aim of studying the similarity relationship between the contours. The representation maps contours to points in a high-dimensional transformation-invariant descriptor space. We leverage the power of this representation to design a clustering based algorithm for detecting symmetric regions in a scalar field. Symmetry detection is a challenging problem because it demands both segmentation of the data and identification of transformation invariant segments. While the former task can be addressed using topological analysis of scalar fields, the latter requires geometry based solutions. Our approach combines the two by utilizing the contour tree for segmenting the data and the descriptor space for determining transformation invariance. We discuss two applications, query driven exploration and asymmetry visualization, that demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. |
| 22. | Jose, Abin; Krishnan, Sunder Ram; Seelamantula, Chandra Sekhar Ridge detection using Savitzky-Golay filtering and steerable second-order Gaussian derivatives Conference Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 15.-18.09.13, Melbourne (Australia), 2014. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @conference{Jose2014,
title = {Ridge detection using Savitzky-Golay filtering and steerable second-order Gaussian derivatives},
author = {Abin Jose and Sunder Ram Krishnan and Chandra Sekhar Seelamantula},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/06738630.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/ICIP.2013.6738630},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-02-13},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 15.-18.09.13, Melbourne (Australia)},
pages = {3059-3063},
abstract = {We propose a method for ridge detection at different widths using second-order Gaussian derivative masks. The width of the ridge extracted varies depending on the mask size and its parameter, σ. In the proposed method, the ridge orientations are estimated as an initial step by finding the zerocrossings of the first derivative of the second directional derivative. In order to compute the orientations from discrete samples of the image, we make use of the recently popularized Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filter. Once the directions are estimated, ridge detection is accomplished by steering a second-order Gaussian kernel, which closely approximates the ideal ridge template, in the computed directions. The method is computationally effective on two accounts: (1) The ridge orientations are determined efficiently using S-G filtering; and (2) Once the orientations are estimated, the steerability property is used to detect ridges. The output of the ridge detector is then improved using non-maximal suppression and hysteresis thresholding. The results obtained are compared with an efficient benchmark method for ridge extraction.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
We propose a method for ridge detection at different widths using second-order Gaussian derivative masks. The width of the ridge extracted varies depending on the mask size and its parameter, σ. In the proposed method, the ridge orientations are estimated as an initial step by finding the zerocrossings of the first derivative of the second directional derivative. In order to compute the orientations from discrete samples of the image, we make use of the recently popularized Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filter. Once the directions are estimated, ridge detection is accomplished by steering a second-order Gaussian kernel, which closely approximates the ideal ridge template, in the computed directions. The method is computationally effective on two accounts: (1) The ridge orientations are determined efficiently using S-G filtering; and (2) Once the orientations are estimated, the steerability property is used to detect ridges. The output of the ridge detector is then improved using non-maximal suppression and hysteresis thresholding. The results obtained are compared with an efficient benchmark method for ridge extraction. |
| 23. | Jose, Abin; Seelamantula, Chandra Sekhar Bilateral edge detectors Conference Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 26.-31.05.13, Vancouver (Canada), 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @conference{Jose2013b,
title = {Bilateral edge detectors},
author = {Abin Jose and Chandra Sekhar Seelamantula},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/06637891.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6637891},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-10-21},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 26.-31.05.13, Vancouver (Canada)},
pages = {1449-1453},
abstract = {We propose to employ bilateral filters to solve the problem of edge detection. The proposed methodology presents an efficient and noise robust method for detecting edges. Classical bilateral filters smooth images without distorting edges. In this paper, we modify the bilateral filter to perform edge detection, which is the opposite of bilateral smoothing. The Gaussian domain kernel of the bilateral filter is replaced with an edge detection mask, and Gaussian range kernel is replaced with an inverted Gaussian kernel. The modified range kernel serves to emphasize dissimilar regions. The resulting approach effectively adapts the detection mask according as the pixel intensity differences. The results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of standard edge detection masks. Comparisons of the bilateral edge detector with Canny edge detection algorithm, both after non-maximal suppression, are also provided. The results of our technique are observed to be better and noise-robust than those offered by methods employing masks alone, and are also comparable to the results from Canny edge detector, outperforming it in certain cases.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
We propose to employ bilateral filters to solve the problem of edge detection. The proposed methodology presents an efficient and noise robust method for detecting edges. Classical bilateral filters smooth images without distorting edges. In this paper, we modify the bilateral filter to perform edge detection, which is the opposite of bilateral smoothing. The Gaussian domain kernel of the bilateral filter is replaced with an edge detection mask, and Gaussian range kernel is replaced with an inverted Gaussian kernel. The modified range kernel serves to emphasize dissimilar regions. The resulting approach effectively adapts the detection mask according as the pixel intensity differences. The results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of standard edge detection masks. Comparisons of the bilateral edge detector with Canny edge detection algorithm, both after non-maximal suppression, are also provided. The results of our technique are observed to be better and noise-robust than those offered by methods employing masks alone, and are also comparable to the results from Canny edge detector, outperforming it in certain cases. |
| 24. | Chakravarthy, Shanthanu; Kumar, Avinash; G., Ramu; Ananthasuresh, G K Design of an endoscopic haptic display system using an integrated ring-actuator Conference Proceedings of the 1st International and 16th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms (iNaCoMM), 18.-20.12.13, Roorkee, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @conference{Chakravarthy2013,
title = {Design of an endoscopic haptic display system using an integrated ring-actuator},
author = {Shanthanu Chakravarthy and Avinash Kumar and Ramu G. and G. K. Ananthasuresh},
url = {http://www.inacomm2013.ammindia.org/Papers/052-inacomm2013_submission_101.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-12-20},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International and 16th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms (iNaCoMM), 18.-20.12.13, Roorkee},
pages = {361-367},
abstract = {Existing virtual reality-based endoscopic simulators lack immersive haptic feedback. We address this need with a one degree-of-freedom haptic display module that can be retrofitted onto an endoscopic simulator. In this paper, we present the design of circumferentially actuated compact ring-mechanisms that provide radial motion for force-reflection on the tube of the endoscope. Both compliant and rigid-body embodiments of the ring-mechanisms are explored in this work. The multi-padded force-reflecting mechanism is designed to apply a maximum force of 5 N and to cover a range of endoscope tubes whose outer diameters range from 10 mm to 15 mm. Design, modeling, electronics, and fabrication of the ring-actuator endoscopic haptic display system are presented in this paper.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Existing virtual reality-based endoscopic simulators lack immersive haptic feedback. We address this need with a one degree-of-freedom haptic display module that can be retrofitted onto an endoscopic simulator. In this paper, we present the design of circumferentially actuated compact ring-mechanisms that provide radial motion for force-reflection on the tube of the endoscope. Both compliant and rigid-body embodiments of the ring-mechanisms are explored in this work. The multi-padded force-reflecting mechanism is designed to apply a maximum force of 5 N and to cover a range of endoscope tubes whose outer diameters range from 10 mm to 15 mm. Design, modeling, electronics, and fabrication of the ring-actuator endoscopic haptic display system are presented in this paper. |
| 25. | Thomas, Dilip Mathew; Natarajan, Vijay Detecting symmetry in scalar fields using augmented extremum graphs Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics , 19 (12), pp. 2663-2672, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Thomas2013,
title = {Detecting symmetry in scalar fields using augmented extremum graphs},
author = {Dilip Mathew Thomas and Vijay Natarajan},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/06634095.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2013.148},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-12-31},
booktitle = {Proceeding of the 2013 IEEE Scientific Visualization Conference, USA},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics },
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {2663-2672},
abstract = {Visualizing symmetric patterns in the data often helps the domain scientists make important observations and gain insights about the underlying experiment. Detecting symmetry in scalar fields is a nascent area of research and existing methods that detect symmetry are either not robust in the presence of noise or computationally costly. We propose a data structure called the augmented extremum graph and use it to design a novel symmetry detection method based on robust estimation of distances. The augmented extremum graph captures both topological and geometric information of the scalar field and enables robust and computationally efficient detection of symmetry. We apply the proposed method to detect symmetries in cryo-electron microscopy datasets and the experiments demonstrate that the algorithm is capable of detecting symmetry even in the presence of significant noise. We describe novel applications that use the detected symmetry to enhance visualization of scalar field data and facilitate their exploration.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Visualizing symmetric patterns in the data often helps the domain scientists make important observations and gain insights about the underlying experiment. Detecting symmetry in scalar fields is a nascent area of research and existing methods that detect symmetry are either not robust in the presence of noise or computationally costly. We propose a data structure called the augmented extremum graph and use it to design a novel symmetry detection method based on robust estimation of distances. The augmented extremum graph captures both topological and geometric information of the scalar field and enables robust and computationally efficient detection of symmetry. We apply the proposed method to detect symmetries in cryo-electron microscopy datasets and the experiments demonstrate that the algorithm is capable of detecting symmetry even in the presence of significant noise. We describe novel applications that use the detected symmetry to enhance visualization of scalar field data and facilitate their exploration. |
| 26. | Chakravarthy, Shanthanu; Aditya, K; Ghosal, Ashitava Development of miniaturized pneumatic artificial muscle for surgical tools Conference Proceedings of the 1st International and 16th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms (iNaCoMM), 18.-20.12.13, Roorkee, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @conference{Chakravarthy2013b,
title = {Development of miniaturized pneumatic artificial muscle for surgical tools},
author = {Shanthanu Chakravarthy and K. Aditya and Ashitava Ghosal},
url = {http://www.inacomm2013.ammindia.org/Papers/049-inacomm2013_submission_48.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-12-20},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International and 16th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms (iNaCoMM), 18.-20.12.13, Roorkee},
pages = {339-345},
abstract = {Robotic surgical tools used in minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) require reliable actuators for precise positioning and control. Miniature pneumatic artificial muscles (MPAM) appear most suited for actuating surgical devices because of their inert nature, high force to weight ratio and fast actuation. However, MPAMs are not readily available and pose considerable challenge in their design and control. In this regard, we develop a miniaturized air muscles with outer diameter of ~1.2 mm. The developed MPAMs have high contraction ratio of about 22% and can provide pull force in excess of 5N at a supply pressure of 0.83 MPa. In this paper, we present the details of the developed experimental set-up, experimental data on contraction and force as a function of applied pressure and characterization of the MPAM. Furthermore, the details of the design and experiments with novel endoscopic surgical tool that uses the developed MPAMs for improved dexterity and position control are presented.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Robotic surgical tools used in minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) require reliable actuators for precise positioning and control. Miniature pneumatic artificial muscles (MPAM) appear most suited for actuating surgical devices because of their inert nature, high force to weight ratio and fast actuation. However, MPAMs are not readily available and pose considerable challenge in their design and control. In this regard, we develop a miniaturized air muscles with outer diameter of ~1.2 mm. The developed MPAMs have high contraction ratio of about 22% and can provide pull force in excess of 5N at a supply pressure of 0.83 MPa. In this paper, we present the details of the developed experimental set-up, experimental data on contraction and force as a function of applied pressure and characterization of the MPAM. Furthermore, the details of the design and experiments with novel endoscopic surgical tool that uses the developed MPAMs for improved dexterity and position control are presented. |
26 entries « ‹ 3 of 3
› » Patent Applications
- Chakravarthy, Shanthanu; Rao, Ashwin M.; Ananthasuresh, G. K.
A haptic device for endoscopy
Indian Patent Application No. 3439/CHE/2014 (26.02.16)
PTC Application No. PCT/IB2015/055251
- Katti, Anirudh; Chakravarthy, Shanthanu; Ananthasuresh, G. K.
A single-layer compliant mechanism for reversible motion between circumferential and radial directions
Indian Patent Application No. 1248/CHE/2015
[sta_anchor id=”Fiber”]Fiber Bragg Grating sensors for distributed bio-chemical sensing
Principal Investigator
Prof Manoj Varma (Associate Professor, Centre for Nano Science and Engineering)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
The main objective of this project has been the development of a personal health diagnostic device based on a distributed sensor based on an array of individual sensing elements that have been functionalized in different ways (polyelectrolyte coatings with multiple receptors). The resulting platform is label-free, i.e, no fluorophores are required to generate the desired signal resulting in simplified sensing protocols. The sensing element is an etched Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) which is a type of distributed Bragg reflector along a short segment of an optical fiber whose outer cladding has been removed for higher sensitivity. This approach of exploiting the large multiplexing capability of FBGs coupled with Remote Neonatal Monitoring and Intervention Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for distributed bio-chemical sensing two novel techniques for incorporating a wide spectrum of functionalization receptors is able to yield high specificities. Recently, this platform has been used for detecting various biomarkers for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases.
Project Publications
30 entries « ‹ 3 of 3
› » | 21. | Umesh, Sharath; Raju, Sukreet; Girish, Apoorva; Asokan, Sundarrajan Blood pressure evaluation using sphygmomanometry assisted by arterial pulse waveform detection by Fiber Bragg Grating pulse device Journal Article Journal of Biomedical Optics, 18 (6), 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Umesh2013,
title = {Blood pressure evaluation using sphygmomanometry assisted by arterial pulse waveform detection by Fiber Bragg Grating pulse device},
author = {Sharath Umesh and Sukreet Raju and Apoorva Girish and Sundarrajan Asokan},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/067010.pdf},
doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.067010},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-06-30},
journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
abstract = {We report a blood pressure evaluation methodology by recording the radial arterial pulse waveform in real time using a fiber Bragg grating pulse device (FBGPD). Here, the pressure responses of the arterial pulse in the form of beat-to-beat pulse amplitude and arterial diametrical variations are monitored. Particularly, the unique signatures of pulse pressure variations have been recorded in the arterial pulse waveform, which indicate the systolic and diastolic blood pressure while the patient is subjected to the sphygmomanometric blood pressure examination. The proposed method of blood pressure evaluation using FBGPD has been validated with the auscultatory method of detecting the acoustic pulses (Korotkoff sounds) by an electronic stethoscope.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We report a blood pressure evaluation methodology by recording the radial arterial pulse waveform in real time using a fiber Bragg grating pulse device (FBGPD). Here, the pressure responses of the arterial pulse in the form of beat-to-beat pulse amplitude and arterial diametrical variations are monitored. Particularly, the unique signatures of pulse pressure variations have been recorded in the arterial pulse waveform, which indicate the systolic and diastolic blood pressure while the patient is subjected to the sphygmomanometric blood pressure examination. The proposed method of blood pressure evaluation using FBGPD has been validated with the auscultatory method of detecting the acoustic pulses (Korotkoff sounds) by an electronic stethoscope. |
| 22. | Mudachathi, Renilkumar; Shivananju, Bannur Nanjunda; Prasananth, Gurusiddappa R; Asokan, Sundarrajan; Varma, Manoj Calibration of etched Fiber Bragg Grating sensor arrays for measurement of molecular surface adsorption Journal Article Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31 (14), pp. 2400-2406, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Mudachathi2013,
title = {Calibration of etched Fiber Bragg Grating sensor arrays for measurement of molecular surface adsorption},
author = {Renilkumar Mudachathi and Bannur Nanjunda Shivananju and Gurusiddappa R. Prasananth and Sundarrajan Asokan and Manoj Varma},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/06527340.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/JLT.2013.2266658},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-07-15},
journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology},
volume = {31},
number = {14},
pages = {2400-2406},
abstract = {Etched Fiber Bragg Grating (EFBG) sensors are attractive from the point of the inherently high multiplexing ability of fiber based sensors. However, the strong dependence of the sensitivity of EFBG sensors on the fiber diameter requires robust methods for calibration when used for distributed sensing in a large array format. Using experimental data and numerical modelling, we show that knowledge of the wavelength shift during the etch process is necessary for high-fidelity calibration of EFBG arrays. However as this approach requires the monitoring of every element of the sensor array during etching, we also proposed and demonstrated a calibration scheme using data from bulk refractometry measurements conducted post-fabrication without needing any information about the etching process. Although this approach is not as precise as the first one, it may be more practical as there is no requirement to monitor each element of the sensor array. We were able to calibrate the response of the sensors to within 3% with the approach using information acquired during etching and to within 5% using the post-fabrication bulk refractometry approach in spite of the sensitivities of the array element differing by more than a factor of 4. These two approaches present a tradeoff between accuracy and practicality.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Etched Fiber Bragg Grating (EFBG) sensors are attractive from the point of the inherently high multiplexing ability of fiber based sensors. However, the strong dependence of the sensitivity of EFBG sensors on the fiber diameter requires robust methods for calibration when used for distributed sensing in a large array format. Using experimental data and numerical modelling, we show that knowledge of the wavelength shift during the etch process is necessary for high-fidelity calibration of EFBG arrays. However as this approach requires the monitoring of every element of the sensor array during etching, we also proposed and demonstrated a calibration scheme using data from bulk refractometry measurements conducted post-fabrication without needing any information about the etching process. Although this approach is not as precise as the first one, it may be more practical as there is no requirement to monitor each element of the sensor array. We were able to calibrate the response of the sensors to within 3% with the approach using information acquired during etching and to within 5% using the post-fabrication bulk refractometry approach in spite of the sensitivities of the array element differing by more than a factor of 4. These two approaches present a tradeoff between accuracy and practicality. |
| 23. | Shivananju, Bannur Nanjunda; Suri, Ashish; Asokan, Sundarrajan; Misra, Abha Carbon nanotube coated fiber Bragg grating for photomechanical optic modulator Journal Article Review of Scientific Instruments, 84 (9), pp. 095101:1-8, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Shivananju2013d,
title = {Carbon nanotube coated fiber Bragg grating for photomechanical optic modulator},
author = {Bannur Nanjunda Shivananju and Ashish Suri and Sundarrajan Asokan and Abha Misra},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/1.4819742.pdf},
doi = {10.1063/1.4819742},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-09-03},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
volume = {84},
number = {9},
pages = {095101:1-8},
abstract = {We have demonstrated novel concept of utilizing the photomechanical actuation in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to tune and reversibly switch the Bragg wavelength. When fiber Bragg grating coated with CNTs (CNT-FBG) is exposed externally to a wide range of optical wavelengths, e.g., ultraviolet to infrared (0.2–200 μm), a strain is induced in the CNTs which alters the grating pitch and refractive index in the CNT-FBG system resulting in a shift in the Bragg wavelength. This novel approach will find applications in telecommunication, sensors and actuators, and also for real time monitoring of the photomechanical actuation in nanoscale materials.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We have demonstrated novel concept of utilizing the photomechanical actuation in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to tune and reversibly switch the Bragg wavelength. When fiber Bragg grating coated with CNTs (CNT-FBG) is exposed externally to a wide range of optical wavelengths, e.g., ultraviolet to infrared (0.2–200 μm), a strain is induced in the CNTs which alters the grating pitch and refractive index in the CNT-FBG system resulting in a shift in the Bragg wavelength. This novel approach will find applications in telecommunication, sensors and actuators, and also for real time monitoring of the photomechanical actuation in nanoscale materials. |
| 24. | Shivananju, Bannur Nanjunda; Yamdagni, S; Fazuldeen, Ruknudeen; Kumar, Anakkat Koyilothu Sarin; Hegde, Gopalkrishna M; Varma, Manoj; Asokan, Sundarrajan CO2 sensing at room temperature using carbon nanotubes coated core Fiber Bragg Grating Journal Article Review of Scientific Instruments, 84 (6), 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Shivananju2013b,
title = {CO2 sensing at room temperature using carbon nanotubes coated core Fiber Bragg Grating},
author = {Bannur Nanjunda Shivananju and S. Yamdagni and Ruknudeen Fazuldeen and Anakkat Koyilothu Sarin Kumar and Gopalkrishna M. Hegde and Manoj Varma and Sundarrajan Asokan},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/12E4810016.pdf},
doi = {10.1063/1.4810016},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-06-30},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
volume = {84},
number = {6},
abstract = {The sensing of carbon dioxide (CO2) at room temperature, which has potential applications in environmental monitoring, healthcare, mining, biotechnology, food industry, etc., is a challenge for the scientific community due to the relative inertness of CO2. Here, we propose a novel gas sensor based on clad-etched Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) with polyallylamine-amino-carbon nanotube coated on the surface of the core for detecting the concentrations of CO2 gas at room temperature, in ppm levels over a wide range (1000 ppm–4000 ppm). The limit of detection observed in polyallylamine-amino-carbon nanotube coated core-FBG has been found to be about 75 ppm. In this approach, when CO2 gas molecules interact with the polyallylamine-amino-carbon nanotube coated FBG, the effective refractive index of the fiber core changes, resulting in a shift in Bragg wavelength. The experimental data show a linear response of Bragg wavelength shift for increase in concentration of CO2 gas. Besides being reproducible and repeatable, the technique is fast, compact, and highly sensitive.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The sensing of carbon dioxide (CO2) at room temperature, which has potential applications in environmental monitoring, healthcare, mining, biotechnology, food industry, etc., is a challenge for the scientific community due to the relative inertness of CO2. Here, we propose a novel gas sensor based on clad-etched Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) with polyallylamine-amino-carbon nanotube coated on the surface of the core for detecting the concentrations of CO2 gas at room temperature, in ppm levels over a wide range (1000 ppm–4000 ppm). The limit of detection observed in polyallylamine-amino-carbon nanotube coated core-FBG has been found to be about 75 ppm. In this approach, when CO2 gas molecules interact with the polyallylamine-amino-carbon nanotube coated FBG, the effective refractive index of the fiber core changes, resulting in a shift in Bragg wavelength. The experimental data show a linear response of Bragg wavelength shift for increase in concentration of CO2 gas. Besides being reproducible and repeatable, the technique is fast, compact, and highly sensitive. |
| 25. | Prasad, Arudi Guru S; Omkar, Subbarama N; Vikranth, H N; Anil, V; Chetana, K; Asokan, Sundarrajan Design and development of Fiber Bragg Grating sensing plate for plantar strain measurement and postural stability analysis Journal Article Measurement, 47 , pp. 789-793, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Prasad2013,
title = {Design and development of Fiber Bragg Grating sensing plate for plantar strain measurement and postural stability analysis},
author = {Arudi S. Guru Prasad and Subbarama N. Omkar and H. N. Vikranth and V. Anil and K. Chetana and Sundarrajan Asokan},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1-s2.0-S0263224113004909-main.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.measurement.2013.10.003},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-10-10},
journal = {Measurement},
volume = {47},
pages = {789-793},
abstract = {This paper describes an ab initio design and development of a novel Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor based strain sensing plate for the measurement of plantar strain distribution in human foot. The primary aim of this work is to study the feasibility of usage of FBG sensors in the measurement of plantar strain in the foot; in particular, to spatially resolve the strain distribution in the foot at different regions such as fore-foot, mid-foot and hind-foot. This study also provides a method to quantify and compare relative postural stability of different subjects under test; in addition, traditional accelerometers have been used to record the movements of center of gravity (second lumbar vertebra) of the subject and the results obtained have been compared against the outcome of the postural stability studies undertaken using the developed FBG plantar strain sensing plate.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper describes an ab initio design and development of a novel Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor based strain sensing plate for the measurement of plantar strain distribution in human foot. The primary aim of this work is to study the feasibility of usage of FBG sensors in the measurement of plantar strain in the foot; in particular, to spatially resolve the strain distribution in the foot at different regions such as fore-foot, mid-foot and hind-foot. This study also provides a method to quantify and compare relative postural stability of different subjects under test; in addition, traditional accelerometers have been used to record the movements of center of gravity (second lumbar vertebra) of the subject and the results obtained have been compared against the outcome of the postural stability studies undertaken using the developed FBG plantar strain sensing plate. |
| 26. | Shivananju, Bannur Nanjunda; Mudachathi, Renilkumar; Prasananth, Gurusiddappa R; Asokan, Sundarrajan; Varma, Manoj Detection limit of etched Fiber Bragg Grating sensors Journal Article Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31 (14), pp. 2441-2447, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Shivananju2013,
title = {Detection limit of etched Fiber Bragg Grating sensors},
author = {Bannur Nanjunda Shivananju and Renilkumar Mudachathi and Gurusiddappa R. Prasananth and Sundarrajan Asokan and Manoj Varma},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/06514902.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/JLT.2013.2262231},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-07-15},
journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology},
volume = {31},
number = {14},
pages = {2441-2447},
abstract = {While Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors have been extensively used for temperature and strain sensing, clad etched FBGs (EFBGs) have only recently been explored for refractive index sensing. Prior literature in EFBG based refractive index sensing predominantly deals with bulk refractometry only, where the Bragg wavelength shift of the sensor as a function of the bulk refractive index of the sample can be analytically modeled, unlike the situation for adsorption of molecular thin films on the sensor surface. We used a finite element model to calculate the Bragg wavelength change as a function of thickness and refractive index of the adsorbing molecular layer and compared the model with the real-time, in-situ measurement of electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of weak polyelectrolytes on the silica surface of EFBGs. We then used this model to calculate the layer thickness of LbL films and found them to be in agreement with literature. Further, we used this model to arrive at a realistic estimate of the limit of detection of EFBG sensors based on nominal measurement noise levels in current FBG interrogation systems and found that sufficiently thinned EFBGs can provide a competitive platform for real-time measurement of molecular interactions while simultane- ously leveraging the high multiplexing capabilities of fiber optics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors have been extensively used for temperature and strain sensing, clad etched FBGs (EFBGs) have only recently been explored for refractive index sensing. Prior literature in EFBG based refractive index sensing predominantly deals with bulk refractometry only, where the Bragg wavelength shift of the sensor as a function of the bulk refractive index of the sample can be analytically modeled, unlike the situation for adsorption of molecular thin films on the sensor surface. We used a finite element model to calculate the Bragg wavelength change as a function of thickness and refractive index of the adsorbing molecular layer and compared the model with the real-time, in-situ measurement of electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of weak polyelectrolytes on the silica surface of EFBGs. We then used this model to calculate the layer thickness of LbL films and found them to be in agreement with literature. Further, we used this model to arrive at a realistic estimate of the limit of detection of EFBG sensors based on nominal measurement noise levels in current FBG interrogation systems and found that sufficiently thinned EFBGs can provide a competitive platform for real-time measurement of molecular interactions while simultane- ously leveraging the high multiplexing capabilities of fiber optics. |
| 27. | Prasad, Arudi Guru S; Omkar, Subbarama N; Anand, Kalegowda; Hegde, Gopalkrishna M; Asokan, Sundarrajan Evaluation of airline exercises prescribed to avoid deep vein thrombosis using Fiber Bragg Grating sensors Journal Article Journal of Biomedical Optics, 18 (9), 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Prasad2013b,
title = {Evaluation of airline exercises prescribed to avoid deep vein thrombosis using Fiber Bragg Grating sensors},
author = {Arudi S. Guru Prasad and Subbarama N. Omkar and Kalegowda Anand and Gopalkrishna M. Hegde and Sundarrajan Asokan},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/097007.pdf},
doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.18.9.097007},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-09-25},
journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
abstract = {Various leg exercises have been recommended to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition where a blood clot forms in the deep veins, especially during long-haul flights. Accessing the benefit of each of these exercises in avoiding the DVT, which can be fatal, is important in the context of suggesting the correct and the most beneficial exercises. Present work aims at demonstrating the fiber Bragg grating (FBG)–based sensing methodology for measuring surface strains generated on the skin of the calf muscle to evaluate the suggested airline exercises to avoid DVT. As the dataset in the experiment involves multiple subjects performing these exercises, an inertial measurement unit has been used to validate the repetitiveness of each of the exercises. The surface strain on the calf muscle obtained using the FBG sensor, which is a measure of the calf muscle deformation, has been compared against the variation of blood velocity in the femoral vein of the thigh measured using a commercial electronic-phased array color Doppler ultrasound system. Apart from analyzing the effectiveness of suggested exercises, a new exercise which is more effective in terms of strain generated to avoid DVT is proposed and evaluated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Various leg exercises have been recommended to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition where a blood clot forms in the deep veins, especially during long-haul flights. Accessing the benefit of each of these exercises in avoiding the DVT, which can be fatal, is important in the context of suggesting the correct and the most beneficial exercises. Present work aims at demonstrating the fiber Bragg grating (FBG)–based sensing methodology for measuring surface strains generated on the skin of the calf muscle to evaluate the suggested airline exercises to avoid DVT. As the dataset in the experiment involves multiple subjects performing these exercises, an inertial measurement unit has been used to validate the repetitiveness of each of the exercises. The surface strain on the calf muscle obtained using the FBG sensor, which is a measure of the calf muscle deformation, has been compared against the variation of blood velocity in the femoral vein of the thigh measured using a commercial electronic-phased array color Doppler ultrasound system. Apart from analyzing the effectiveness of suggested exercises, a new exercise which is more effective in terms of strain generated to avoid DVT is proposed and evaluated. |
| 28. | Prasad, Arudi Guru S; Asokan, Sundarrajan Fiber Bragg Grating sensor package for submicron level displacement measurements Journal Article Experimental Techniques, 39 (6), pp. 19-24, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Prasad2013b,
title = {Fiber Bragg Grating sensor package for submicron level displacement measurements},
author = {Arudi S. Guru Prasad and Sundarrajan Asokan},
doi = {10.1111/ext.12031},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-05-31},
journal = {Experimental Techniques},
volume = {39},
number = {6},
pages = {19-24},
abstract = {In this article, the design and development of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) based displacement sensor package for submicron level displacement measurements are presented. A linear shift of 12.12 nm in Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensor is obtained for a displacement of 6 mm with a calibration factor of 0.495 µm/pm. Field trials have also been conducted by comparing the FBG displacement sensor package against a conventional dial gauge, on a five block masonry prism specimen loaded using three-point bending technique. The responses from both the sensors are in good agreement, up to the failure of the masonry prism. Furthermore, from the real-time displacement data recorded using FBG, it is possible to detect the time at which early creaks generated inside the body of the specimen which then prorogate to the surface to develop visible surface cracks; the respective load from the load cell can be obtained from the inflection (stress release point) in the displacement curve. Thus the developed FBG displacement sensor package can be used to detect failures in structures much earlier and to provide an adequate time to exercise necessary action, thereby avoiding the possible disaster.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this article, the design and development of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) based displacement sensor package for submicron level displacement measurements are presented. A linear shift of 12.12 nm in Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensor is obtained for a displacement of 6 mm with a calibration factor of 0.495 µm/pm. Field trials have also been conducted by comparing the FBG displacement sensor package against a conventional dial gauge, on a five block masonry prism specimen loaded using three-point bending technique. The responses from both the sensors are in good agreement, up to the failure of the masonry prism. Furthermore, from the real-time displacement data recorded using FBG, it is possible to detect the time at which early creaks generated inside the body of the specimen which then prorogate to the surface to develop visible surface cracks; the respective load from the load cell can be obtained from the inflection (stress release point) in the displacement curve. Thus the developed FBG displacement sensor package can be used to detect failures in structures much earlier and to provide an adequate time to exercise necessary action, thereby avoiding the possible disaster. |
| 29. | Prasad, Arudi Guru S; Umesh, Sharath; Nagarjun, V; Hegde, Gopalkrishna M; Asokan, Sundarrajan Measurement of temperature and pressure on the surface of a blunt cone using FBG sensor in hypersonic wind tunnel Journal Article Measurement Science and Technology, 24 (9), 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Prasad2013b,
title = {Measurement of temperature and pressure on the surface of a blunt cone using FBG sensor in hypersonic wind tunnel},
author = {Arudi S. Guru Prasad and Sharath Umesh and V. Nagarjun and Gopalkrishna M. Hegde and Sundarrajan Asokan},
doi = {10.1088/0957-0233/24/9/095302},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-07-26},
journal = {Measurement Science and Technology},
volume = {24},
number = {9},
abstract = {Measurement of temperature and pressure exerted on the leeward surface of a blunt cone specimen has been demonstrated in the present work in a hypersonic wind tunnel using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The experiments were conducted on a 30° apex-angle blunt cone with 51 mm base diameter at wind flow speeds of Mach 6.5 and 8.35 in a 300 mm hypersonic wind tunnel of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. A special pressure insensitive temperature sensor probe along with the conventional bare FBG sensors was used for explicit temperature and aerodynamic pressure measurement respectively on the leeward surface of the specimen. computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the flow field around the blunt cone specimen has also been carried out to obtain the temperature and pressure at conditions analogous to experiments. The results obtained from FBG sensors and the CFD simulations are found to be in good agreement with each other.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Measurement of temperature and pressure exerted on the leeward surface of a blunt cone specimen has been demonstrated in the present work in a hypersonic wind tunnel using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The experiments were conducted on a 30° apex-angle blunt cone with 51 mm base diameter at wind flow speeds of Mach 6.5 and 8.35 in a 300 mm hypersonic wind tunnel of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. A special pressure insensitive temperature sensor probe along with the conventional bare FBG sensors was used for explicit temperature and aerodynamic pressure measurement respectively on the leeward surface of the specimen. computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the flow field around the blunt cone specimen has also been carried out to obtain the temperature and pressure at conditions analogous to experiments. The results obtained from FBG sensors and the CFD simulations are found to be in good agreement with each other. |
| 30. | Prasad, Arudi Guru S; Omkar, Subbarama N; Anand, Kalegowda; Asokan, Sundarrajan A novel Fiber Bragg Grating based sensing methodology for direct measurement of surface strain on body muscles during physical exercises Journal Article International Journal of Optomechatronics, 6 (3), pp. 189-198, 2012. Abstract | BibTeX | Links: @article{Prasad2012,
title = {A novel Fiber Bragg Grating based sensing methodology for direct measurement of surface strain on body muscles during physical exercises },
author = {Arudi S. Guru Prasad and Subbarama N. Omkar and Kalegowda Anand and Sundarrajan Asokan},
url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/A-Novel-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based-Sensing-Methodology-for-Direct-Measurement-of-Surface-Strain-on-Body-Muscles-during-Physical-Exercises.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/15599612.2012.694982},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-08-06},
journal = {International Journal of Optomechatronics},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {189-198},
abstract = {The present work proposes a new sensing methodology, which uses Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) to measure in vivo the surface strain and strain rate on calf muscles while performing certain exercises. Two simple exercises, namely ankle dorsi-flexion and ankle plantar-flexion, have been considered and the strain induced on the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle while performing these exercises has been monitored. The real time strain generated has been recorded and the results are compared with those obtained using a commercial Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) system. It is found that the proposed sensing methodology is promising for surface strain measurements in biomechanical applications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present work proposes a new sensing methodology, which uses Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) to measure in vivo the surface strain and strain rate on calf muscles while performing certain exercises. Two simple exercises, namely ankle dorsi-flexion and ankle plantar-flexion, have been considered and the strain induced on the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle while performing these exercises has been monitored. The real time strain generated has been recorded and the results are compared with those obtained using a commercial Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) system. It is found that the proposed sensing methodology is promising for surface strain measurements in biomechanical applications. |
30 entries « ‹ 3 of 3
› » Patent Applications
- Asokan, Sundarrajan; Umesh, Sharath; Raju, Sukreet; Girish, Apoorva
Apparatus and method to measure blood pressure using Fiber Bragg Grating sensor
Indian Patent Application No. 4989/CHE/2012 (06.05.16)
- Vasu, Kalangi Siddeswara; Sridevi, S.; Asokan, Sundarrajan; Jayaraman, Narayanaswamy; Sood, Ajay K.
Optical biosensors having enhanced sensitivity
Indian Patent Application No. 719/CHE/2013 (14.08.15)
PCT Application No. PCT/IB2014/058880
- Asokan, Sundarrajan; Umesh, Sharath; Chiplunkar, Swetha
Measurement of arterial compliance using Fiber Bragg Grating pulse recorder
Indian Patent Application No. 457/CHE/2014 (07.08.15)
- Vasu, Kalangi Siddeswara; Sridevi, S.; Asokan, Sundarrajan; Sood, Ajay K.
Optical sensor, methods and applications thereof
Indian Patent Application No. 6111/CHE/2014
[sta_anchor id=”Formal”]Formal analysis of CPS protocols and software
Principal Investigator
Prof Aditya Kanade (Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Automation)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
Communication protocols and system software form critical components of cyber-physical systems. The concurrent and distributed nature of different components of a protocol make it difficult to design and debug the protocols. In addition, mechanisms for providing reliable communication over unreliable communication media (e.g. checksums,sliding window protocols) make the protocols intricate. This project aimed at formal modeling and analysis of protocols, in particular, protocols that provide reliable retransmission capabilities over noisy channels.
System software plays a significant role in cyber-physical systems by gluing together different components like sensors, controllers, actuators, and end-user devices. Control algorithms are also commonly implemented in software. The complexity of these software components make them susceptible to bugs. This project focussed at designing techniques to detect, localize, and fix bugs in programs. In particular, we explored combinations of dynamic analysis, symbolic reasoning, and machine learning to develop techniques for debugging and repair of programs.
Project Publications
[sta_anchor id=”Low-cost”]Low-cost, optical detection of DNA for HPV detection in urine
Principal Investigator
Prof Manoj Varma (Associate Professor, Centre for Nano Science and Engineering)
Duration
1 February 2015 to 30 September 2015
Project Publications
[sta_anchor id=”Precision”]Precision farming model for peri-urban agriculture: Technological interventions and innovations to enhance the input use efficiency
Principal Investigator
Prof Jaywant H. Arakeri (Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
The project is a collaborative effort three institutes: IISc, the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore. UAS has allotted 15 guntas of land for erecting four polyhouses and a field laboratory. An experiment was completed with baby corn (which has a growth period of two months) to optimize the growth conditions inside the polyhouse, deployment of sensors, deployment of micro irrigation/precision delivery systems for water and fertilizers. The existing technologies and their limitations could be understood through design experiments with Capsicum as test crop. The results of the experiments in the standard polyhouse gave inputs for new designs for the climatic conditions obtained in Bangalore.
Technical details on fabrication of a new type of controlled growth chamber have been discussed with engineers of a Chennai based company. Studies have been carried out to optimize the sensors to be used in the polyhouse and for plant image capture. A mini-lysimeter was developed to measure continuously transpiration rates from single plants. The mechanism of clogging of emitters/actuators was researched by examining several emitters/actuators collected from the field. An emitter test set-up to study clogging, obtain pressure-flow characteristics and develop new emitters was set up. A new type of intermittent emitter is was designed as part of an MDes project of Centre for Product Design and Manufacture (CPDM).
[sta_anchor id=”Remote”]Remote neonatal monitoring and intervention
Principal Investigator
Prof Bharadwaj Amrutur (Chairman, Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber-Physical Systems)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
A robust, easy-to-use prototype device has been developed for continuous, realtime monitoring of the core body temperatures of neonates. The design for this device has factored in considerations for ease-of-use in rural settings with minimal infrastructure. The primary utility of this wearable device is to be able to raise triggers/alarms for prompting appropriate interventions in the case of the neonate’s body temperature exceeding limits predetermined by clinicians (e.g. in the case of hypothermia or sepsis). Recent efforts have been directed into widening the sensing scope of the device by incorporating functionalities such as breathing rate determination, oxygen saturation (SpO2) detection as well as electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements.
Project Publications
Patent Applications
- Gubbi, Sagar Venkatesh; Amrutur, Bharadwaj
Low power pulse oximeter and a method thereof
Indian Patent Application No. 1979/CHE/2014 (01.01.16)
- Amrutur, Bharadwaj; Rao, Hiteshwar; Saxena, Dhruv; Mony, Prem
A method and a device for monitoring physiological characteristics with adaptive power management
Indian Patent Application No. 4499/CHE/2014 (01.07.16)
[sta_anchor id=”Sensor”]Sensor system for monitoring stroke patients in rehabilitation
Principal Investigator
Prof K. Gopinath (Professor, Department of Computer Science and Automation)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
The project’s original aim was to enable stroke patients in their rehabilitation by providing an interesting way to perform the required exercises. A stroke patient, during his/her rehabilitation period is required to perform regular, repetitive exercises, especially some predefined movements of the affected region, to gain back the functionality of those regions. However, these exercises are often highly repetitive in nature and may become boring over the time, because of which the patient may stop doing it. Instead, the basic idea was to make such movements part of some video game(s) that would have the desired motions (exercise movements). We also planned to capture the movement of the patient during these exercises by placing sensors on the moving body parts and provide feedback to the patient or the doctor, either off-line or, if possible, on-line regarding the patient performance.
In the process of formally defining the problem, we spoke to medical specialists who work in related areas. During these discussions it became clear that the Human Gait Analysis is a far more pressing problem. Given its immediate need, the cost of doing so can be reduced substantially. Also, from the point of validation, there are well defined standards available for Gait Analysis, like Optical Gait Analysis, which can be used for evaluating any new system.
Given the commonality of the hardware for our original problem and Human Gait Analysis and due to lack of data for the original problem, we therefore decided to shift our attention to Human Gait Analysis. Based on our discussions with specialists, our new goals was to calculate the clinically important joint angles (knee joint angle, ankle joint angle, hip joint angle, etc.) using IMU Sensors (Inertial Measurement Unit) and to validate the results using an Optical system (BIMRA Gait Lab). If the angles produced by the IMU sensors is comparable with that produced by Optical system, then potentially, one can use IMU sensors system to do Gait Analysis at a much lower cost.
Project Publications
[sta_anchor id=”Simulation”]Simulation environment with active feedback for epidural procedures
Principal Investigator
Prof M. S. Bobji (Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
Epidural procedures are routinely performed by trained physicians for anesthesia and treatment. It is a procedure that requires considerable skill on the part of the physician to correctly place the needle and catheter at the exact position in the epidural space as puncturing or damaging the dura mater may lead to side effects like headache or even paralysis. Training on cadavers is one way to provide necessary skills in the procedure. The current project involved the development of a training system to realistically provide a simulation environment with a haptic feedback and immersive visualisation. Some key features of the project are development of custom sensors and mechanisms and an intelligent software engine to provide measurements, feedback and operations of the training environment.
Project Publications
[sta_anchor id=”Smart”]Smart transportation and mobility solutions
Principal Investigator
Prof T. G. Sitharam (Senior Professor, Department of Civil Engineering)
Duration
1 August 2013 to 31 July 2015
Integrated Urban Transportation Planning includes collaborative planning of land use and transport, integration of various modes of transport in terms of infrastructure like coexisting terminals for public transportation and service like having common fare payment systems etc.
Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is another promising and prevalent means of improving mobility in an optimal manner, ITS provides very efficient and smooth coordination among functioning of various infrastructure elements that constitutes the transport system. It is majorly divided into Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS), Advanced Traveler Management System (ATIS), and Advanced Public Transport Systems (APTS). All three of these involve utilization of telematics. Real time estimation of traffic stream characteristics such as traffic flow, speed and traffic density act as inputs to all three and helps in unparalleled enhancement of mobility.
Project Publications
[sta_anchor id=”SPMU”]SPMU based solar water pump and smart controller
Principal Investigator
Prof L. Umanand (Professor, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering)
Duration
1 May 2014 to 31 October 2015
Solar pump units provide varying power to pumps with varying solar isolation. The solar panels are also by about 25% oversized to accommodate wide seasonal variations. As a result, the pump rarely runs at full capacity, and thereby, subjects the pump, the pump motor and motor driver to run at lower efficiencies most of the time.
We developed a new solar pump system with an intelligent solar power management unit (SPMU) to help regulate constant power to the pump. The unit diverts solar power to battery whenever it is greater than the pump power requirement, and also supplements the solar power with battery power whenever it is lesser than the pump power requirement. The unit features “maximum power point tracking (MPPT)” to harness maximum power from the solar panel. The system also (uniquely) provides the capability to measure the total and time profile of water pumped, and also supports the collection of inline Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), a critical water quality parameter that is necessary to determine appropriate watering levels.
Patent Application
Warrior, Jay; Sekhar, Muddu; Misra, Prasant
Smart solar water pump system
Indian Patent Application No. 3578/CHE/2014
[sta_anchor id=”Studies”]Studies into impact of dust and PV temperature on PV system (performance) efficiency in tropical regions
Principal Investigator
Prof Monto Mani (Associate Professor, Centre for Sustainable Technologies and Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
Clean energy technologies are an imminent necessity to sustain modern civilization and ensuring environmental vitality for future generations. While solar photovoltaics (PV) for clean electricity generation is promising, ensuring its optimum performance is crucial for sustainability. Often, onsite parameters such as dust-settlement and ambient climatic factors have a significant bearing on PV system output, including the dependence on clean-water for maintenance. Despite enormous ongoing efforts to devise novel materials for higher PV yield and efficiency, there is inadequate study dealing with onsite factors. Dust deposition and operating PV temperatures are acute considerations in tropical regions such as India. Research and development, under the current project, investigated the impact of dust settlement, associated water-based cleaning cycles and operating PV temperature profiles on PV system output (efficiency) for various PV material and design configurations. Further, to minimize use of clean water for maintenance, given site-specific conditions, an effort was made to evolve a methodology to identify appropriate cleaning mechanisms. Further, results of the study paved way for research in other domains of material sciences such as development of dust repelling coatings and self-cleaning glasses.
Project Publications
[sta_anchor id=”Verified”]Verified model of real–time operating systems for multi-core processors
Principal Investigator
Prof Deepak D’Souza (Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Automation)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
Real-time operating systems (RTOS) play a central role in embedded system applications, and will likely do so for cyber-physical systems in the future. Given the paradigm shift towards multi-core processors, most embedded processors are likely to be multi-core ones in the near future. Today’s RTOS that are typically designed to be run on uni-processors will need to be re-designed and implemented for multi-core processors. Reasoning about the correctness of embedded applications is impossible without a precise specification and proof of correctness of the RTOS itself.
In this project we used the open source Free-RTOS operating system as an example. To begin with we defined a precise specification (for example in a formal modelling language like Z notation or Event B) of the intended behaviour of a Free-RTOS-like OS on a multicore processor. Secondly, we proposed a multicore implementation of Free-RTOS. Finally we investigated techniques to prove the correctness of this implementation with respect to the top-level specification.
Project Publications
[sta_anchor id=”Zero”]Zero energy smart building
Principal Investigator
Prof Joy Kuri (Professor, Department of Electronic System Engineering)
Duration
16 August 2012 to 15 August 2015
The Zero Energy Building project had two principal objectives: (a) To use renewable energy sources to meet, at least in part, the energy requirements of a building, and (b) to retrofit this capability to an existing building, with no structural changes allowed. A two-pronged approach was used: To exploit solar photovoltaics, and to implement load management to reduce energy demand.
The solution incorporated several novel features. On the supply side, the traditional inductor stage used in interfacing the transformer to the grid was eliminated completely — instead, the leakage inductance of the transformer was utilized; this lead to significant savings in weight and space. On the demand side, load management is the key requirement, and an elaborate measurement and control infrastructure has been developed. This consists of Load Management Units (LMU-s, one in each lab or office) that provide aggregate measurement and control functionality, a smart meter for pluggable loads with communication and storage capabilities called the Joule Jotter, and a Master Energy Consumption Scheduler, that collects measurements from LMU-s and Joule Jotters and makes load scheduling decisions, taking into account time-of-day energy prices, available solar energy as well as user convenience.
LMU-s and the master communicate using the DNP v3.0 protocol. Keeping the goal of retrofitting in mind, a Smart Switch that can be substituted for the traditional 2-terminal wall switch, has been developed. The Smart Switch can respond to commands from a remote controller sent via the power line (PLC) or via a wireless link. The challenge here is to provide power to the electronics inside the switch from the two terminals – line and load point – that are available at the switch; in particular, the neutral is not available.
The complete solution was designed and implemented in the Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore. It is operational and provides an average of 70 KWh of energy per day.
Project Publications
Patent Application
Umanand, Loganathan; Karthik, A.
Energy-harvesting electronic switch
Indian Patent Application No. 4110/CHE/2015