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2013 |
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| 351. | Prasad, Arudi Guru S; Omkar, Subbarama N; Vikranth, H N; Anil, V; Chetana, K; Asokan, Sundarrajan Design and development of Fiber Bragg Grating sensing plate for plantar strain measurement and postural stability analysis Journal Article Measurement, 47 , pp. 789-793, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing | Links: @article{Prasad2013, title = {Design and development of Fiber Bragg Grating sensing plate for plantar strain measurement and postural stability analysis}, author = {Arudi S. Guru Prasad and Subbarama N. Omkar and H. N. Vikranth and V. Anil and K. Chetana and Sundarrajan Asokan}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1-s2.0-S0263224113004909-main.pdf}, doi = {10.1016/j.measurement.2013.10.003}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-10-10}, journal = {Measurement}, volume = {47}, pages = {789-793}, abstract = {This paper describes an ab initio design and development of a novel Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor based strain sensing plate for the measurement of plantar strain distribution in human foot. The primary aim of this work is to study the feasibility of usage of FBG sensors in the measurement of plantar strain in the foot; in particular, to spatially resolve the strain distribution in the foot at different regions such as fore-foot, mid-foot and hind-foot. This study also provides a method to quantify and compare relative postural stability of different subjects under test; in addition, traditional accelerometers have been used to record the movements of center of gravity (second lumbar vertebra) of the subject and the results obtained have been compared against the outcome of the postural stability studies undertaken using the developed FBG plantar strain sensing plate.}, keywords = {Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper describes an ab initio design and development of a novel Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor based strain sensing plate for the measurement of plantar strain distribution in human foot. The primary aim of this work is to study the feasibility of usage of FBG sensors in the measurement of plantar strain in the foot; in particular, to spatially resolve the strain distribution in the foot at different regions such as fore-foot, mid-foot and hind-foot. This study also provides a method to quantify and compare relative postural stability of different subjects under test; in addition, traditional accelerometers have been used to record the movements of center of gravity (second lumbar vertebra) of the subject and the results obtained have been compared against the outcome of the postural stability studies undertaken using the developed FBG plantar strain sensing plate. |
| 352. | Chakravarthy, Shanthanu; Kumar, Avinash; G., Ramu; Ananthasuresh, G K Design of an endoscopic haptic display system using an integrated ring-actuator Conference Proceedings of the 1st International and 16th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms (iNaCoMM), 18.-20.12.13, Roorkee, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Cyber Surgery and Remote Patient Care | Links: @conference{Chakravarthy2013, title = {Design of an endoscopic haptic display system using an integrated ring-actuator}, author = {Shanthanu Chakravarthy and Avinash Kumar and Ramu G. and G. K. Ananthasuresh}, url = {http://www.inacomm2013.ammindia.org/Papers/052-inacomm2013_submission_101.pdf}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-12-20}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International and 16th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms (iNaCoMM), 18.-20.12.13, Roorkee}, pages = {361-367}, abstract = {Existing virtual reality-based endoscopic simulators lack immersive haptic feedback. We address this need with a one degree-of-freedom haptic display module that can be retrofitted onto an endoscopic simulator. In this paper, we present the design of circumferentially actuated compact ring-mechanisms that provide radial motion for force-reflection on the tube of the endoscope. Both compliant and rigid-body embodiments of the ring-mechanisms are explored in this work. The multi-padded force-reflecting mechanism is designed to apply a maximum force of 5 N and to cover a range of endoscope tubes whose outer diameters range from 10 mm to 15 mm. Design, modeling, electronics, and fabrication of the ring-actuator endoscopic haptic display system are presented in this paper.}, keywords = {Cyber Surgery and Remote Patient Care}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } Existing virtual reality-based endoscopic simulators lack immersive haptic feedback. We address this need with a one degree-of-freedom haptic display module that can be retrofitted onto an endoscopic simulator. In this paper, we present the design of circumferentially actuated compact ring-mechanisms that provide radial motion for force-reflection on the tube of the endoscope. Both compliant and rigid-body embodiments of the ring-mechanisms are explored in this work. The multi-padded force-reflecting mechanism is designed to apply a maximum force of 5 N and to cover a range of endoscope tubes whose outer diameters range from 10 mm to 15 mm. Design, modeling, electronics, and fabrication of the ring-actuator endoscopic haptic display system are presented in this paper. |
| 353. | Thomas, Dilip Mathew; Natarajan, Vijay Detecting symmetry in scalar fields using augmented extremum graphs Journal Article IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics , 19 (12), pp. 2663-2672, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Cyber Surgery and Remote Patient Care | Links: @article{Thomas2013, title = {Detecting symmetry in scalar fields using augmented extremum graphs}, author = {Dilip Mathew Thomas and Vijay Natarajan}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/06634095.pdf}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2013.148}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-12-31}, booktitle = {Proceeding of the 2013 IEEE Scientific Visualization Conference, USA}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics }, volume = {19}, number = {12}, pages = {2663-2672}, abstract = {Visualizing symmetric patterns in the data often helps the domain scientists make important observations and gain insights about the underlying experiment. Detecting symmetry in scalar fields is a nascent area of research and existing methods that detect symmetry are either not robust in the presence of noise or computationally costly. We propose a data structure called the augmented extremum graph and use it to design a novel symmetry detection method based on robust estimation of distances. The augmented extremum graph captures both topological and geometric information of the scalar field and enables robust and computationally efficient detection of symmetry. We apply the proposed method to detect symmetries in cryo-electron microscopy datasets and the experiments demonstrate that the algorithm is capable of detecting symmetry even in the presence of significant noise. We describe novel applications that use the detected symmetry to enhance visualization of scalar field data and facilitate their exploration.}, keywords = {Cyber Surgery and Remote Patient Care}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Visualizing symmetric patterns in the data often helps the domain scientists make important observations and gain insights about the underlying experiment. Detecting symmetry in scalar fields is a nascent area of research and existing methods that detect symmetry are either not robust in the presence of noise or computationally costly. We propose a data structure called the augmented extremum graph and use it to design a novel symmetry detection method based on robust estimation of distances. The augmented extremum graph captures both topological and geometric information of the scalar field and enables robust and computationally efficient detection of symmetry. We apply the proposed method to detect symmetries in cryo-electron microscopy datasets and the experiments demonstrate that the algorithm is capable of detecting symmetry even in the presence of significant noise. We describe novel applications that use the detected symmetry to enhance visualization of scalar field data and facilitate their exploration. |
| 354. | Shivananju, Bannur Nanjunda; Mudachathi, Renilkumar; Prasananth, Gurusiddappa R; Asokan, Sundarrajan; Varma, Manoj Detection limit of etched Fiber Bragg Grating sensors Journal Article Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31 (14), pp. 2441-2447, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing | Links: @article{Shivananju2013, title = {Detection limit of etched Fiber Bragg Grating sensors}, author = {Bannur Nanjunda Shivananju and Renilkumar Mudachathi and Gurusiddappa R. Prasananth and Sundarrajan Asokan and Manoj Varma}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/06514902.pdf}, doi = {10.1109/JLT.2013.2262231}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-07-15}, journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology}, volume = {31}, number = {14}, pages = {2441-2447}, abstract = {While Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors have been extensively used for temperature and strain sensing, clad etched FBGs (EFBGs) have only recently been explored for refractive index sensing. Prior literature in EFBG based refractive index sensing predominantly deals with bulk refractometry only, where the Bragg wavelength shift of the sensor as a function of the bulk refractive index of the sample can be analytically modeled, unlike the situation for adsorption of molecular thin films on the sensor surface. We used a finite element model to calculate the Bragg wavelength change as a function of thickness and refractive index of the adsorbing molecular layer and compared the model with the real-time, in-situ measurement of electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of weak polyelectrolytes on the silica surface of EFBGs. We then used this model to calculate the layer thickness of LbL films and found them to be in agreement with literature. Further, we used this model to arrive at a realistic estimate of the limit of detection of EFBG sensors based on nominal measurement noise levels in current FBG interrogation systems and found that sufficiently thinned EFBGs can provide a competitive platform for real-time measurement of molecular interactions while simultane- ously leveraging the high multiplexing capabilities of fiber optics.}, keywords = {Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } While Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors have been extensively used for temperature and strain sensing, clad etched FBGs (EFBGs) have only recently been explored for refractive index sensing. Prior literature in EFBG based refractive index sensing predominantly deals with bulk refractometry only, where the Bragg wavelength shift of the sensor as a function of the bulk refractive index of the sample can be analytically modeled, unlike the situation for adsorption of molecular thin films on the sensor surface. We used a finite element model to calculate the Bragg wavelength change as a function of thickness and refractive index of the adsorbing molecular layer and compared the model with the real-time, in-situ measurement of electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of weak polyelectrolytes on the silica surface of EFBGs. We then used this model to calculate the layer thickness of LbL films and found them to be in agreement with literature. Further, we used this model to arrive at a realistic estimate of the limit of detection of EFBG sensors based on nominal measurement noise levels in current FBG interrogation systems and found that sufficiently thinned EFBGs can provide a competitive platform for real-time measurement of molecular interactions while simultane- ously leveraging the high multiplexing capabilities of fiber optics. |
| 355. | Chakravarthy, Shanthanu; Aditya, K; Ghosal, Ashitava Development of miniaturized pneumatic artificial muscle for surgical tools Conference Proceedings of the 1st International and 16th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms (iNaCoMM), 18.-20.12.13, Roorkee, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Cyber Surgery and Remote Patient Care | Links: @conference{Chakravarthy2013b, title = {Development of miniaturized pneumatic artificial muscle for surgical tools}, author = {Shanthanu Chakravarthy and K. Aditya and Ashitava Ghosal}, url = {http://www.inacomm2013.ammindia.org/Papers/049-inacomm2013_submission_48.pdf}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-12-20}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International and 16th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms (iNaCoMM), 18.-20.12.13, Roorkee}, pages = {339-345}, abstract = {Robotic surgical tools used in minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) require reliable actuators for precise positioning and control. Miniature pneumatic artificial muscles (MPAM) appear most suited for actuating surgical devices because of their inert nature, high force to weight ratio and fast actuation. However, MPAMs are not readily available and pose considerable challenge in their design and control. In this regard, we develop a miniaturized air muscles with outer diameter of ~1.2 mm. The developed MPAMs have high contraction ratio of about 22% and can provide pull force in excess of 5N at a supply pressure of 0.83 MPa. In this paper, we present the details of the developed experimental set-up, experimental data on contraction and force as a function of applied pressure and characterization of the MPAM. Furthermore, the details of the design and experiments with novel endoscopic surgical tool that uses the developed MPAMs for improved dexterity and position control are presented.}, keywords = {Cyber Surgery and Remote Patient Care}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } Robotic surgical tools used in minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) require reliable actuators for precise positioning and control. Miniature pneumatic artificial muscles (MPAM) appear most suited for actuating surgical devices because of their inert nature, high force to weight ratio and fast actuation. However, MPAMs are not readily available and pose considerable challenge in their design and control. In this regard, we develop a miniaturized air muscles with outer diameter of ~1.2 mm. The developed MPAMs have high contraction ratio of about 22% and can provide pull force in excess of 5N at a supply pressure of 0.83 MPa. In this paper, we present the details of the developed experimental set-up, experimental data on contraction and force as a function of applied pressure and characterization of the MPAM. Furthermore, the details of the design and experiments with novel endoscopic surgical tool that uses the developed MPAMs for improved dexterity and position control are presented. |
| 356. | Manjunatha, Roopa G; Rajanna, K; Mahapatra, Roy D; Nayak, M M Differentiability between normal and respiratory tract disorder respiration pattern using smart sensor Presentation 07.09.2013. BibTeX | Tags: Development of Non-Invasive Human Breath Sensor System @misc{Manjunatha2013, title = {Differentiability between normal and respiratory tract disorder respiration pattern using smart sensor}, author = {G. Roopa Manjunatha and K. Rajanna and D. Roy Mahapatra and M. M. Nayak}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-09-07}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th ISSS National Conference on MEMS, Smart Materials, Structures and Systems, India}, pages = {126-129}, keywords = {Development of Non-Invasive Human Breath Sensor System}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {presentation} } |
| 357. | Prasad, Arudi Guru S; Omkar, Subbarama N; Anand, Kalegowda; Hegde, Gopalkrishna M; Asokan, Sundarrajan Evaluation of airline exercises prescribed to avoid deep vein thrombosis using Fiber Bragg Grating sensors Journal Article Journal of Biomedical Optics, 18 (9), 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing | Links: @article{Prasad2013b, title = {Evaluation of airline exercises prescribed to avoid deep vein thrombosis using Fiber Bragg Grating sensors}, author = {Arudi S. Guru Prasad and Subbarama N. Omkar and Kalegowda Anand and Gopalkrishna M. Hegde and Sundarrajan Asokan}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/097007.pdf}, doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.18.9.097007}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-09-25}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics}, volume = {18}, number = {9}, abstract = {Various leg exercises have been recommended to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition where a blood clot forms in the deep veins, especially during long-haul flights. Accessing the benefit of each of these exercises in avoiding the DVT, which can be fatal, is important in the context of suggesting the correct and the most beneficial exercises. Present work aims at demonstrating the fiber Bragg grating (FBG)–based sensing methodology for measuring surface strains generated on the skin of the calf muscle to evaluate the suggested airline exercises to avoid DVT. As the dataset in the experiment involves multiple subjects performing these exercises, an inertial measurement unit has been used to validate the repetitiveness of each of the exercises. The surface strain on the calf muscle obtained using the FBG sensor, which is a measure of the calf muscle deformation, has been compared against the variation of blood velocity in the femoral vein of the thigh measured using a commercial electronic-phased array color Doppler ultrasound system. Apart from analyzing the effectiveness of suggested exercises, a new exercise which is more effective in terms of strain generated to avoid DVT is proposed and evaluated.}, keywords = {Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Various leg exercises have been recommended to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition where a blood clot forms in the deep veins, especially during long-haul flights. Accessing the benefit of each of these exercises in avoiding the DVT, which can be fatal, is important in the context of suggesting the correct and the most beneficial exercises. Present work aims at demonstrating the fiber Bragg grating (FBG)–based sensing methodology for measuring surface strains generated on the skin of the calf muscle to evaluate the suggested airline exercises to avoid DVT. As the dataset in the experiment involves multiple subjects performing these exercises, an inertial measurement unit has been used to validate the repetitiveness of each of the exercises. The surface strain on the calf muscle obtained using the FBG sensor, which is a measure of the calf muscle deformation, has been compared against the variation of blood velocity in the femoral vein of the thigh measured using a commercial electronic-phased array color Doppler ultrasound system. Apart from analyzing the effectiveness of suggested exercises, a new exercise which is more effective in terms of strain generated to avoid DVT is proposed and evaluated. |
| 358. | Prasad, Arudi Guru S; Asokan, Sundarrajan Fiber Bragg Grating sensor package for submicron level displacement measurements Journal Article Experimental Techniques, 39 (6), pp. 19-24, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing | Links: @article{Prasad2013b, title = {Fiber Bragg Grating sensor package for submicron level displacement measurements}, author = {Arudi S. Guru Prasad and Sundarrajan Asokan}, doi = {10.1111/ext.12031}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-05-31}, journal = {Experimental Techniques}, volume = {39}, number = {6}, pages = {19-24}, abstract = {In this article, the design and development of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) based displacement sensor package for submicron level displacement measurements are presented. A linear shift of 12.12 nm in Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensor is obtained for a displacement of 6 mm with a calibration factor of 0.495 µm/pm. Field trials have also been conducted by comparing the FBG displacement sensor package against a conventional dial gauge, on a five block masonry prism specimen loaded using three-point bending technique. The responses from both the sensors are in good agreement, up to the failure of the masonry prism. Furthermore, from the real-time displacement data recorded using FBG, it is possible to detect the time at which early creaks generated inside the body of the specimen which then prorogate to the surface to develop visible surface cracks; the respective load from the load cell can be obtained from the inflection (stress release point) in the displacement curve. Thus the developed FBG displacement sensor package can be used to detect failures in structures much earlier and to provide an adequate time to exercise necessary action, thereby avoiding the possible disaster.}, keywords = {Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this article, the design and development of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) based displacement sensor package for submicron level displacement measurements are presented. A linear shift of 12.12 nm in Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensor is obtained for a displacement of 6 mm with a calibration factor of 0.495 µm/pm. Field trials have also been conducted by comparing the FBG displacement sensor package against a conventional dial gauge, on a five block masonry prism specimen loaded using three-point bending technique. The responses from both the sensors are in good agreement, up to the failure of the masonry prism. Furthermore, from the real-time displacement data recorded using FBG, it is possible to detect the time at which early creaks generated inside the body of the specimen which then prorogate to the surface to develop visible surface cracks; the respective load from the load cell can be obtained from the inflection (stress release point) in the displacement curve. Thus the developed FBG displacement sensor package can be used to detect failures in structures much earlier and to provide an adequate time to exercise necessary action, thereby avoiding the possible disaster. |
| 359. | Pandey, Sadanand; Goswami, Gopal K; Nanda, Karuna K Green synthesis of polysaccharide/gold nanoparticle nanocomposite: An efficient ammonia sensor Journal Article Carbohydrate Polymers, 94 (1), pp. 229-234, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Ultralow Detection of Ammonia Using Nanoparticles Based Chemiresistor Sensors | Links: @article{Pandey2013, title = {Green synthesis of polysaccharide/gold nanoparticle nanocomposite: An efficient ammonia sensor}, author = {Sadanand Pandey and Gopal K. Goswami and Karuna K. Nanda}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1-s2.0-S0144861713000131-main.pdf}, doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.009}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-04-15}, journal = {Carbohydrate Polymers}, volume = {94}, number = {1}, pages = {229-234}, abstract = {A low cost eco-friendly method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using guar gum (GG) as a reducing agent is reported. The nanoparticles obtained are characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on these results, a potential mechanism for this method of AuNPs synthesis is discussed. GG/AuNPs nanocomposite (GG/AuNPs NC) was exploited for optical sensor for detection of aqueous ammonia based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). It was found to have good reproducibility, response times of ∼10 s and excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 1 ppb (parts-per-billion). This system allows the rapid production of an ultra-low-cost GG/AuNPs NC-based aqueous ammonia sensor.}, keywords = {Ultralow Detection of Ammonia Using Nanoparticles Based Chemiresistor Sensors}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A low cost eco-friendly method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using guar gum (GG) as a reducing agent is reported. The nanoparticles obtained are characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on these results, a potential mechanism for this method of AuNPs synthesis is discussed. GG/AuNPs nanocomposite (GG/AuNPs NC) was exploited for optical sensor for detection of aqueous ammonia based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). It was found to have good reproducibility, response times of ∼10 s and excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 1 ppb (parts-per-billion). This system allows the rapid production of an ultra-low-cost GG/AuNPs NC-based aqueous ammonia sensor. |
| 360. | Manjunatha, Roopa G; Ranjith, N; Meghashree, Y V; Rajanna, K; Mahapatra, Roy D Identification of different respiratory rate by a piezo polymer based nasal sensor Conference Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Sensors Conference, 03.-6.11.13, Baltimore (USA), 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Development of Non-Invasive Human Breath Sensor System | Links: @conference{Manjunatha2013b, title = {Identification of different respiratory rate by a piezo polymer based nasal sensor}, author = {G. Roopa Manjunatha and N. Ranjith and Y. V. Meghashree and K. Rajanna and D. Roy Mahapatra}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/06688479.pdf}, doi = {10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688479}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-12-19}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Sensors Conference, 03.-6.11.13, Baltimore (USA)}, pages = {1398-1401}, abstract = {In this paper, we present a new nasal sensor system developed using Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezo polymer in cantilever configuration and its applicability for measuring human Respiration Rate (RR). Two identical PVDF nasal sensors are mounted on a headphone such that they are located below Right Nostril (RN) and Left Nostril (LN), in such a way that the nasal airflow during inspiration and expiration impinge on sensors. Due to nasal airflow, piezoelectric natured PVDF nasal sensors generate corresponding voltage signals. The RR is the number of breaths per minute (bpm). The RR was determined from the filtered respiratory signals, by computing a power spectral density (PSD) spectrum using Welch method of averaged periodograms. The developed PVDF nasal sensors were capable of identifying different RR corresponding to normal (18.5±1.5 bpm), tachypnea (34.5±4 bpm), and bradypnea (10.5±2.2 bpm) similar to 'Gold standard' Respiratory Inductance Plethysmograph (RIP) method and Nasal Prongs (NP).}, keywords = {Development of Non-Invasive Human Breath Sensor System}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } In this paper, we present a new nasal sensor system developed using Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezo polymer in cantilever configuration and its applicability for measuring human Respiration Rate (RR). Two identical PVDF nasal sensors are mounted on a headphone such that they are located below Right Nostril (RN) and Left Nostril (LN), in such a way that the nasal airflow during inspiration and expiration impinge on sensors. Due to nasal airflow, piezoelectric natured PVDF nasal sensors generate corresponding voltage signals. The RR is the number of breaths per minute (bpm). The RR was determined from the filtered respiratory signals, by computing a power spectral density (PSD) spectrum using Welch method of averaged periodograms. The developed PVDF nasal sensors were capable of identifying different RR corresponding to normal (18.5±1.5 bpm), tachypnea (34.5±4 bpm), and bradypnea (10.5±2.2 bpm) similar to 'Gold standard' Respiratory Inductance Plethysmograph (RIP) method and Nasal Prongs (NP). |
| 361. | Kumaraswamy, S; Kunte, K Integrating biodiversity and conservation with modern agricultural landscapes Journal Article Biodiversity and Conservation, 22 (12), pp. 2735-2750, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Precision farming model for peri-urban agriculture: Technological interventions and innovations to enhance the input use efficiency | Links: @article{Kumaraswamy2013, title = {Integrating biodiversity and conservation with modern agricultural landscapes}, author = {S. Kumaraswamy and K. Kunte}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Kumaraswamy-Kunte2013_Article_IntegratingBiodiversityAndCons.pdf}, doi = {10.1007/s10531-013-0562-9}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-11-29}, journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation}, volume = {22}, number = {12}, pages = {2735-2750}, abstract = {To achieve food security and meet the demands of the ever-growing human populations, farming systems have assumed unsustainable practices to produce more from a finite land area. This has been cause for concern mainly due to the often-irreversible damage done to the otherwise productive agricultural landscapes. Agro-ecology is proclaimed to be deteriorating due to eroding integrity of connected ecological mosaics and vulnerability to climate change. This has contributed to declining species diversity, loss of buffer vegetation, fragmentation of habitats, and loss of natural pollinators or predators, which eventually leads to decline in ecosystem services. Currently, a hierarchy of conservation initiatives is being considered to restore ecological integrity of agricultural landscapes. However, the challenge of identifying a suitable conservation strategy is a daunting task in view of socio-ecological factors that may constrain the choice of available strategies. One way to mitigate this situation and integrate biodiversity with agricultural landscapes is to implement offset mechanisms, which are compensatory and balancing approaches to restore the ecological health and function of an ecosystem. This needs to be tailored to the history of location specific agricultural practices, and the social, ecological and environmental conditions. The offset mechanisms can complement other initiatives through which farmers are insured against landscape-level risks such as droughts, fire and floods. For countries in the developing world with significant biodiversity and extensive agriculture, we should promote a comprehensive model of sustainable agricultural landscapes and ecosystem services, replicable at landscape to regional scales. Arguably, the model can be a potential option to sustain the integrity of biodiversity mosaic in agricultural landscapes. }, keywords = {Precision farming model for peri-urban agriculture: Technological interventions and innovations to enhance the input use efficiency}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To achieve food security and meet the demands of the ever-growing human populations, farming systems have assumed unsustainable practices to produce more from a finite land area. This has been cause for concern mainly due to the often-irreversible damage done to the otherwise productive agricultural landscapes. Agro-ecology is proclaimed to be deteriorating due to eroding integrity of connected ecological mosaics and vulnerability to climate change. This has contributed to declining species diversity, loss of buffer vegetation, fragmentation of habitats, and loss of natural pollinators or predators, which eventually leads to decline in ecosystem services. Currently, a hierarchy of conservation initiatives is being considered to restore ecological integrity of agricultural landscapes. However, the challenge of identifying a suitable conservation strategy is a daunting task in view of socio-ecological factors that may constrain the choice of available strategies. One way to mitigate this situation and integrate biodiversity with agricultural landscapes is to implement offset mechanisms, which are compensatory and balancing approaches to restore the ecological health and function of an ecosystem. This needs to be tailored to the history of location specific agricultural practices, and the social, ecological and environmental conditions. The offset mechanisms can complement other initiatives through which farmers are insured against landscape-level risks such as droughts, fire and floods. For countries in the developing world with significant biodiversity and extensive agriculture, we should promote a comprehensive model of sustainable agricultural landscapes and ecosystem services, replicable at landscape to regional scales. Arguably, the model can be a potential option to sustain the integrity of biodiversity mosaic in agricultural landscapes. |
| 362. | Alex, Doney; Gorur, Pushkar; Amrutur, Bharadwaj; Ramakrishnan, Kalpathi LampTop: Touch detection for a projector-camera system based on shape classification Conference Proceedings of the 2013 ACM International conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces (ITS), 06.-09.10.13, St. Andrews (UK), 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Remote Neonatal Monitoring and Intervention | Links: @conference{Alex2013, title = {LampTop: Touch detection for a projector-camera system based on shape classification}, author = {Doney Alex and Pushkar Gorur and Bharadwaj Amrutur and Kalpathi Ramakrishnan}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/p429-alex.pdf}, doi = {10.1145/2512349.2514921}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-10-09}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 ACM International conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces (ITS), 06.-09.10.13, St. Andrews (UK)}, pages = {429-432}, abstract = {The LampTop enables an effective low cost touch interface utilizing only a single camera and a pico projector. It embeds a small shape in the image generated by the user application (e.g. a touch screen menu with icons) and detects touch by measuring the geometrical distortion in the camera captured image. Fourier shape descriptors are extracted from the camera-captured image to obtain an estimate of the shape distortion. The touch event is detected using a Support Vector Machine. Quantitative results show that the proposed method can effectively detect touch.}, keywords = {Remote Neonatal Monitoring and Intervention}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } The LampTop enables an effective low cost touch interface utilizing only a single camera and a pico projector. It embeds a small shape in the image generated by the user application (e.g. a touch screen menu with icons) and detects touch by measuring the geometrical distortion in the camera captured image. Fourier shape descriptors are extracted from the camera-captured image to obtain an estimate of the shape distortion. The touch event is detected using a Support Vector Machine. Quantitative results show that the proposed method can effectively detect touch. |
| 363. | Prasad, Arudi Guru S; Umesh, Sharath; Nagarjun, V; Hegde, Gopalkrishna M; Asokan, Sundarrajan Measurement of temperature and pressure on the surface of a blunt cone using FBG sensor in hypersonic wind tunnel Journal Article Measurement Science and Technology, 24 (9), 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing | Links: @article{Prasad2013b, title = {Measurement of temperature and pressure on the surface of a blunt cone using FBG sensor in hypersonic wind tunnel}, author = {Arudi S. Guru Prasad and Sharath Umesh and V. Nagarjun and Gopalkrishna M. Hegde and Sundarrajan Asokan}, doi = {10.1088/0957-0233/24/9/095302}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-07-26}, journal = {Measurement Science and Technology}, volume = {24}, number = {9}, abstract = {Measurement of temperature and pressure exerted on the leeward surface of a blunt cone specimen has been demonstrated in the present work in a hypersonic wind tunnel using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The experiments were conducted on a 30° apex-angle blunt cone with 51 mm base diameter at wind flow speeds of Mach 6.5 and 8.35 in a 300 mm hypersonic wind tunnel of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. A special pressure insensitive temperature sensor probe along with the conventional bare FBG sensors was used for explicit temperature and aerodynamic pressure measurement respectively on the leeward surface of the specimen. computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the flow field around the blunt cone specimen has also been carried out to obtain the temperature and pressure at conditions analogous to experiments. The results obtained from FBG sensors and the CFD simulations are found to be in good agreement with each other.}, keywords = {Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Measurement of temperature and pressure exerted on the leeward surface of a blunt cone specimen has been demonstrated in the present work in a hypersonic wind tunnel using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The experiments were conducted on a 30° apex-angle blunt cone with 51 mm base diameter at wind flow speeds of Mach 6.5 and 8.35 in a 300 mm hypersonic wind tunnel of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. A special pressure insensitive temperature sensor probe along with the conventional bare FBG sensors was used for explicit temperature and aerodynamic pressure measurement respectively on the leeward surface of the specimen. computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the flow field around the blunt cone specimen has also been carried out to obtain the temperature and pressure at conditions analogous to experiments. The results obtained from FBG sensors and the CFD simulations are found to be in good agreement with each other. |
| 364. | Kumar, Avinash; Gupta, Ankur; Kant, Rishi; Akhtar, Syed Nadeem; Tiwari, Nachiketa; Ramkumar, Janakrajan; Bhattacharya, Shantanu Optimization of laser machining process for the preparation of photomasks, and its application to microsystems fabrication Journal Article Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Electrical Communications Engineering | Links: @article{Kumar2013, title = {Optimization of laser machining process for the preparation of photomasks, and its application to microsystems fabrication}, author = {Avinash Kumar and Ankur Gupta and Rishi Kant and Syed Nadeem Akhtar and Nachiketa Tiwari and Janakrajan Ramkumar and Shantanu Bhattacharya}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/041203_1.pdf}, doi = {10.1117/1.JMM.12.4.041203}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-09-25}, journal = {Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS}, abstract = {Conventional photolithography normally utilizes a photomask for patterning light onto a chemical resist film. Therefore, the accuracy of microfabrication is highly dependent on the accuracy of the photomasks. Fabrication of hard masks involves the use of expensive laser pattern generators and other sophisticated machines using very high-precision stages and the necessary control instrumentation; therefore, an inexpensive strategy is highly necessary for laboratory-level fabrication. As this technology is primarily based on raster scanning of a laser beam, the mask making as such becomes a low-throughput process. A strategy of high-throughput manufacturing of hard masks with laser micromachining using a one-step exposure process of a chromated glass slide through a micromachined aluminum shadow mask is proposed. The features that are finally embedded in the mask are highly demagnified and well focused. Optimization of the laser machining process is carried out by considering all processing parameters. The features are characterized using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a self-developed image analysis code. Geometrical methods are used to estimate the average edge roughness and feature size. We have also validated the usage of these masks by performing microfabrication on films made of photoresist. }, keywords = {Electrical Communications Engineering}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Conventional photolithography normally utilizes a photomask for patterning light onto a chemical resist film. Therefore, the accuracy of microfabrication is highly dependent on the accuracy of the photomasks. Fabrication of hard masks involves the use of expensive laser pattern generators and other sophisticated machines using very high-precision stages and the necessary control instrumentation; therefore, an inexpensive strategy is highly necessary for laboratory-level fabrication. As this technology is primarily based on raster scanning of a laser beam, the mask making as such becomes a low-throughput process. A strategy of high-throughput manufacturing of hard masks with laser micromachining using a one-step exposure process of a chromated glass slide through a micromachined aluminum shadow mask is proposed. The features that are finally embedded in the mask are highly demagnified and well focused. Optimization of the laser machining process is carried out by considering all processing parameters. The features are characterized using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a self-developed image analysis code. Geometrical methods are used to estimate the average edge roughness and feature size. We have also validated the usage of these masks by performing microfabrication on films made of photoresist. |
| 365. | Manjunatha, Roopa G; Rajanna, K; Mahapatra, Roy D; Dorasala, Srinivas Piezoelectric sensing: Evaluation for clinical investigation of deviated nasal septum Journal Article Allergy & Rhinology, 4 (3), pp. 140-150, 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Development of Non-Invasive Human Breath Sensor System | Links: @article{Manjunatha2013b, title = {Piezoelectric sensing: Evaluation for clinical investigation of deviated nasal septum}, author = {G. Roopa Manjunatha and K. Rajanna and D. Roy Mahapatra and Srinivas Dorasala}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/s5.pdf}, doi = {10.2500/ar.2013.4.0066}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-10-31}, journal = {Allergy & Rhinology}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {140-150}, abstract = {Noninvasive objective evaluation of nasal airflow is one of the important clinical aspects. The developed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor enables measurement of airflow through each side of the nose using its piezoelectric property. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic capability of the PVDF sensor in assessing the deviated nasal septum (DNS). PVDF nasal sensor uses its piezoelectric property to measure the peak-to-peak amplitude (Vp-p) of nasal airflow in both of the nostrils: right nostril (RN) and left nostril (LN), separately and simultaneously. We have compared the results of PVDF nasal sensor, visual analog scale (VAS), and clinician scale for 34 DNS patients and 28 healthy controls. Additionally, the results were further analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve and correlation between PVDF nasal sensor and VAS in detecting DNS. We found a significant difference in the peak-to-peak amplitude values of the test group and the control group. The correlation between the PVDF nasal sensor measurements and VAS (RN and LN combined) for test group was statistically significant (−0.807; p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of the PVDF nasal sensor measurements in the detection of DNS (RN and LN combined) was 85.3 and 74.4%, respectively, with optimum cutoff value ≤0.34 Vp-p. The developed PVDF nasal sensor is noninvasive and requires less patient efforts. The sensitivity and specificity of the PVDF nasal sensor are reliable. According to our findings, we propose that the said PVDF nasal sensor can be used as a new diagnostic tool to evaluate the DNS in routine clinical practice.}, keywords = {Development of Non-Invasive Human Breath Sensor System}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Noninvasive objective evaluation of nasal airflow is one of the important clinical aspects. The developed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor enables measurement of airflow through each side of the nose using its piezoelectric property. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic capability of the PVDF sensor in assessing the deviated nasal septum (DNS). PVDF nasal sensor uses its piezoelectric property to measure the peak-to-peak amplitude (Vp-p) of nasal airflow in both of the nostrils: right nostril (RN) and left nostril (LN), separately and simultaneously. We have compared the results of PVDF nasal sensor, visual analog scale (VAS), and clinician scale for 34 DNS patients and 28 healthy controls. Additionally, the results were further analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve and correlation between PVDF nasal sensor and VAS in detecting DNS. We found a significant difference in the peak-to-peak amplitude values of the test group and the control group. The correlation between the PVDF nasal sensor measurements and VAS (RN and LN combined) for test group was statistically significant (−0.807; p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of the PVDF nasal sensor measurements in the detection of DNS (RN and LN combined) was 85.3 and 74.4%, respectively, with optimum cutoff value ≤0.34 Vp-p. The developed PVDF nasal sensor is noninvasive and requires less patient efforts. The sensitivity and specificity of the PVDF nasal sensor are reliable. According to our findings, we propose that the said PVDF nasal sensor can be used as a new diagnostic tool to evaluate the DNS in routine clinical practice. |
| 366. | Nayak, Alok Ranjan; Shajahan, T K; Panfilov, Alexander V; Pandit, Rahul Spiral-wave dynamics in a mathematical model of human ventricular tissue with myocytes and fibroblasts Journal Article PloS ONE, 8 , 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Cardiac Arrhythmias: In Silico Studies in Realistic Mathematical Models for Cardiac Tissue | Links: @article{Nayak2013, title = {Spiral-wave dynamics in a mathematical model of human ventricular tissue with myocytes and fibroblasts}, author = {Alok Ranjan Nayak and T. K. Shajahan and Alexander V. Panfilov and Rahul Pandit}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/journal.pone_.0072950.pdf}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0072950}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-09-04}, journal = {PloS ONE}, volume = {8}, abstract = {Cardiac fibroblasts, when coupled functionally with myocytes, can modulate the electrophysiological properties of cardiac tissue. We present systematic numerical studies of such modulation of electrophysiological properties in mathematical models for (a) single myocyte-fibroblast (MF) units and (b) two-dimensional (2D) arrays of such units; our models build on earlier ones and allow for zero-, one-, and two-sided MF couplings. Our studies of MF units elucidate the dependence of the action-potential (AP) morphology on parameters such as , the fibroblast resting-membrane potential, the fibroblast conductance , and the MF gap-junctional coupling . Furthermore, we find that our MF composite can show autorhythmic and oscillatory behaviors in addition to an excitable response. Our 2D studies use (a) both homogeneous and inhomogeneous distributions of fibroblasts, (b) various ranges for parameters such as , and , and (c) intercellular couplings that can be zero-sided, one-sided, and two-sided connections of fibroblasts with myocytes. We show, in particular, that the plane-wave conduction velocity decreases as a function of , for zero-sided and one-sided couplings; however, for two-sided coupling, decreases initially and then increases as a function of , and, eventually, we observe that conduction failure occurs for low values of . In our homogeneous studies, we find that the rotation speed and stability of a spiral wave can be controlled either by controlling or . Our studies with fibroblast inhomogeneities show that a spiral wave can get anchored to a local fibroblast inhomogeneity. We also study the efficacy of a low-amplitude control scheme, which has been suggested for the control of spiral-wave turbulence in mathematical models for cardiac tissue, in our MF model both with and without heterogeneities.}, keywords = {Cardiac Arrhythmias: In Silico Studies in Realistic Mathematical Models for Cardiac Tissue}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cardiac fibroblasts, when coupled functionally with myocytes, can modulate the electrophysiological properties of cardiac tissue. We present systematic numerical studies of such modulation of electrophysiological properties in mathematical models for (a) single myocyte-fibroblast (MF) units and (b) two-dimensional (2D) arrays of such units; our models build on earlier ones and allow for zero-, one-, and two-sided MF couplings. Our studies of MF units elucidate the dependence of the action-potential (AP) morphology on parameters such as , the fibroblast resting-membrane potential, the fibroblast conductance , and the MF gap-junctional coupling . Furthermore, we find that our MF composite can show autorhythmic and oscillatory behaviors in addition to an excitable response. Our 2D studies use (a) both homogeneous and inhomogeneous distributions of fibroblasts, (b) various ranges for parameters such as , and , and (c) intercellular couplings that can be zero-sided, one-sided, and two-sided connections of fibroblasts with myocytes. We show, in particular, that the plane-wave conduction velocity decreases as a function of , for zero-sided and one-sided couplings; however, for two-sided coupling, decreases initially and then increases as a function of , and, eventually, we observe that conduction failure occurs for low values of . In our homogeneous studies, we find that the rotation speed and stability of a spiral wave can be controlled either by controlling or . Our studies with fibroblast inhomogeneities show that a spiral wave can get anchored to a local fibroblast inhomogeneity. We also study the efficacy of a low-amplitude control scheme, which has been suggested for the control of spiral-wave turbulence in mathematical models for cardiac tissue, in our MF model both with and without heterogeneities. |
| 367. | Thakkar, Jay; Kanade, Aditya; Alur, Rajeev Transducer-based algorithmic verification of retransmission protocols over noisy channels Conference Proceedings of the IFIP Joint International Conference on Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems (33rd FORTE/15th FMOODS), 03.-05.06.13, Florence (Italy), 2013. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Formal Analysis of CPS Protocols and Software | Links: @conference{Thakkar2013, title = {Transducer-based algorithmic verification of retransmission protocols over noisy channels}, author = {Jay Thakkar and Aditya Kanade and Rajeev Alur}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/10.10072F978-3-642-38592-6_15.pdf}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-38592-6_15}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-06-06}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IFIP Joint International Conference on Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems (33rd FORTE/15th FMOODS), 03.-05.06.13, Florence (Italy)}, pages = {209-224}, abstract = {Unreliable communication channels are a practical reality. They add to the complexity of protocol design and verification. In this paper, we consider noisy channels which can corrupt messages. We present an approach to model and verify protocols which combine error detection and error control to provide reliable communication over noisy channels. We call these protocols retransmission protocols as they achieve reliable communication through repeated retransmissions of messages. These protocols typically use cyclic redundancy checks and sliding window protocols for error detection and control respectively. We propose models of these protocols as regular transducers operating on bit strings. Streaming string transducers provide a natural way of modeling these protocols and formalizing correctness requirements. The verification problem is posed as functional equivalence between the protocol transducer and the specification transducer. Functional equivalence checking is decidable for this class of transducers and this makes the transducer models amenable to algorithmic verification. We present case studies based on TinyOS serial communication and the HDLC retransmission protocol.}, keywords = {Formal Analysis of CPS Protocols and Software}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } Unreliable communication channels are a practical reality. They add to the complexity of protocol design and verification. In this paper, we consider noisy channels which can corrupt messages. We present an approach to model and verify protocols which combine error detection and error control to provide reliable communication over noisy channels. We call these protocols retransmission protocols as they achieve reliable communication through repeated retransmissions of messages. These protocols typically use cyclic redundancy checks and sliding window protocols for error detection and control respectively. We propose models of these protocols as regular transducers operating on bit strings. Streaming string transducers provide a natural way of modeling these protocols and formalizing correctness requirements. The verification problem is posed as functional equivalence between the protocol transducer and the specification transducer. Functional equivalence checking is decidable for this class of transducers and this makes the transducer models amenable to algorithmic verification. We present case studies based on TinyOS serial communication and the HDLC retransmission protocol. |
| 368. | Pillai, Rohitkumar; Rao, Abhishek; Mani, Monto; Ramamurthy, Praveen Understanding near sunrise and sunset PV system behaviour to identify measures to maximize effective energy yield Presentation 29.08.2013. BibTeX | Tags: Studies into Impact of Dust and PV Temperature on PV System (Performance) Efficiency in Tropical Regions @misc{Pillai2013, title = {Understanding near sunrise and sunset PV system behaviour to identify measures to maximize effective energy yield}, author = {Rohitkumar Pillai and Abhishek Rao and Monto Mani and Praveen Ramamurthy}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-08-29}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies (SET), China}, keywords = {Studies into Impact of Dust and PV Temperature on PV System (Performance) Efficiency in Tropical Regions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {presentation} } |
2012 |
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| 369. | Prasad, Arudi Guru S; Omkar, Subbarama N; Anand, Kalegowda; Asokan, Sundarrajan A novel Fiber Bragg Grating based sensing methodology for direct measurement of surface strain on body muscles during physical exercises Journal Article International Journal of Optomechatronics, 6 (3), pp. 189-198, 2012. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing | Links: @article{Prasad2012, title = {A novel Fiber Bragg Grating based sensing methodology for direct measurement of surface strain on body muscles during physical exercises }, author = {Arudi S. Guru Prasad and Subbarama N. Omkar and Kalegowda Anand and Sundarrajan Asokan}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/A-Novel-Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based-Sensing-Methodology-for-Direct-Measurement-of-Surface-Strain-on-Body-Muscles-during-Physical-Exercises.pdf}, doi = {10.1080/15599612.2012.694982}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-08-06}, journal = {International Journal of Optomechatronics}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {189-198}, abstract = {The present work proposes a new sensing methodology, which uses Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) to measure in vivo the surface strain and strain rate on calf muscles while performing certain exercises. Two simple exercises, namely ankle dorsi-flexion and ankle plantar-flexion, have been considered and the strain induced on the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle while performing these exercises has been monitored. The real time strain generated has been recorded and the results are compared with those obtained using a commercial Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) system. It is found that the proposed sensing methodology is promising for surface strain measurements in biomechanical applications.}, keywords = {Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Distributed Bio-Chemical Sensing}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present work proposes a new sensing methodology, which uses Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) to measure in vivo the surface strain and strain rate on calf muscles while performing certain exercises. Two simple exercises, namely ankle dorsi-flexion and ankle plantar-flexion, have been considered and the strain induced on the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle while performing these exercises has been monitored. The real time strain generated has been recorded and the results are compared with those obtained using a commercial Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) system. It is found that the proposed sensing methodology is promising for surface strain measurements in biomechanical applications. |
| 370. | Majumder, Rupamanjari; Nayak, Alok Ranjan; Pandit, Rahul Nonequilibrium arrhythmic states and transitions in a mathematical model for diffuse fibrosis in human cardiac tissue Journal Article PLoS ONE, 2012. Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Cardiac Arrhythmias: In Silico Studies in Realistic Mathematical Models for Cardiac Tissue | Links: @article{Majumder2012, title = {Nonequilibrium arrhythmic states and transitions in a mathematical model for diffuse fibrosis in human cardiac tissue}, author = {Rupamanjari Majumder and Alok Ranjan Nayak and Rahul Pandit}, url = {http://www.rbccps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/journal.pone_.0045040.pdf}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0045040}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-10-08}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, abstract = {We present a comprehensive numerical study of spiral-and scroll-wave dynamics in a state-of-the-art mathematical model for human ventricular tissue with fiber rotation, transmural heterogeneity, myocytes, and fibroblasts. Our mathematical model introduces fibroblasts randomly, to mimic diffuse fibrosis, in the ten Tusscher-Noble-Noble-Panfilov (TNNP) model for human ventricular tissue; the passive fibroblasts in our model do not exhibit an action potential in the absence of coupling with myocytes; and we allow for a coupling between nearby myocytes and fibroblasts. Our study of a single myocyte-fibroblast (MF) composite, with a single myocyte coupled to fibroblasts via a gap-junctional conductance , reveals five qualitatively different responses for this composite. Our investigations of two-dimensional domains with a random distribution of fibroblasts in a myocyte background reveal that, as the percentage of fibroblasts increases, the conduction velocity of a plane wave decreases until there is conduction failure. If we consider spiral-wave dynamics in such a medium we find, in two dimensions, a variety of nonequilibrium states, temporally periodic, quasiperiodic, chaotic, and quiescent, and an intricate sequence of transitions between them; we also study the analogous sequence of transitions for three-dimensional scroll waves in a three-dimensional version of our mathematical model that includes both fiber rotation and transmural heterogeneity. We thus elucidate random-fibrosis-induced nonequilibrium transitions, which lead to conduction block for spiral waves in two dimensions and scroll waves in three dimensions. We explore possible experimental implications of our mathematical and numerical studies for plane-, spiral-, and scroll-wave dynamics in cardiac tissue with fibrosis.}, keywords = {Cardiac Arrhythmias: In Silico Studies in Realistic Mathematical Models for Cardiac Tissue}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We present a comprehensive numerical study of spiral-and scroll-wave dynamics in a state-of-the-art mathematical model for human ventricular tissue with fiber rotation, transmural heterogeneity, myocytes, and fibroblasts. Our mathematical model introduces fibroblasts randomly, to mimic diffuse fibrosis, in the ten Tusscher-Noble-Noble-Panfilov (TNNP) model for human ventricular tissue; the passive fibroblasts in our model do not exhibit an action potential in the absence of coupling with myocytes; and we allow for a coupling between nearby myocytes and fibroblasts. Our study of a single myocyte-fibroblast (MF) composite, with a single myocyte coupled to fibroblasts via a gap-junctional conductance , reveals five qualitatively different responses for this composite. Our investigations of two-dimensional domains with a random distribution of fibroblasts in a myocyte background reveal that, as the percentage of fibroblasts increases, the conduction velocity of a plane wave decreases until there is conduction failure. If we consider spiral-wave dynamics in such a medium we find, in two dimensions, a variety of nonequilibrium states, temporally periodic, quasiperiodic, chaotic, and quiescent, and an intricate sequence of transitions between them; we also study the analogous sequence of transitions for three-dimensional scroll waves in a three-dimensional version of our mathematical model that includes both fiber rotation and transmural heterogeneity. We thus elucidate random-fibrosis-induced nonequilibrium transitions, which lead to conduction block for spiral waves in two dimensions and scroll waves in three dimensions. We explore possible experimental implications of our mathematical and numerical studies for plane-, spiral-, and scroll-wave dynamics in cardiac tissue with fibrosis. |
